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Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua tus xa khoom loj ntawm cov khoom siv huv huv
2024-04-16 IB
Nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 2010 thiab 2022, lub ntiaj teb ntshuam thiab xa tawm ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntxuav tes ceramic tau nce 71.3% los ntawm 2.16 lab tons mus rau 3.7 lab tons, qhov kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 4.6%. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo sib xws uas txuas ntxiv mus yuav luag tag nrho lub sijhawm (tshwj tsis yog xyoo 2020 vim muaj kev sib kis) tau cuam tshuam dua xyoo 2022, nrog rau kev xa tawm poob los ntawm 5.6% piv rau 2021. Qhov kev tsis zoo no tau pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua thaj chaw tsim khoom thiab cov teb chaws xa tawm loj.
Asia tseem yog lub ntiaj teb tus xa khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv huv huv, nce nws cov khoom xa tawm thoob ntiaj teb mus rau 66% txawm tias 3.5% poob rau 2.44 lab tonnes hauv 2022. Qhov no yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam hauv yuav luag txhua tus neeg xa khoom loj hauv Esxias (xws li Tuam Tshoj, Is Nrias teb, Thaib, thiab Nyab Laj), nrog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsuas yog Iran.
Kev xa khoom los ntawm European Union, lub ntiaj teb thib ob xa khoom loj tshaj plaws, kuj poob 3.7 feem pua rau 520,000 tonnes. Peb tus neeg xa khoom loj tshaj plaws nyob ib leeg suav nrog ib nrab ntawm EU xa tawm, tab sis ua raws cov kev sib txawv, nrog Poland thiab Portugal tswj 2021 qib, thaum lub teb chaws Yelemees cov khoom xa tawm poob los ntawm 4.6%. North America (NAFTA) pom qhov kev poob qis dua ob tus lej loj dua hauv kev xa tawm, poob rau 328,000 tonnes (down 13.5% los ntawm 2021), feem ntau yog vim muaj 10% poob hauv Mexico. Cov teb chaws uas tsis yog eu nyob sab Europe pom qhov kev sib cog lus zoo sib xws hauv kev xa tawm (-13.1% rau 253,000 tonnes), nrog qaib ntxhw poob 8.3% (187,000 tonnes). Tsis tas li ntawm qhov poob yog South America (84,000 tonnes, -15.4%) thiab Africa (73,000 tonnes, -7%).
Saib ntawm tag nrho 12-xyoo lub sijhawm, cov duab pom tseeb tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim tawm hauv txhua cheeb tsam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev loj hlob hauv Asia, qhov chaw xa tawm ntau dua ob npaug ntawm 1.1 lab tonnes mus rau 2.4 lab tonnes (CAGR 2022/2010 + 6.9%). Asia cov khoom xa tawm thoob ntiaj teb tau nce los ntawm 51% hauv 2010 txog 66% niaj hnub no, ntaus feem ntawm yuav luag txhua cheeb tsam.
Hauv qhov sib piv, EU cov khoom xa tawm tseem tsis hloov pauv ntawm 522,000 tonnes nyob rau lub sijhawm, thiab nws feem ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb poob los ntawm 24.2% mus rau 14%. Thaum kev xa tawm tag nrho tau nce 22 feem pua ntawm xyoo 2010, NAFTA qhov feem tau poob los ntawm 12.4 feem pua rau 8.9 feem pua. South America, uas suav txog 4.6 feem pua ntawm cov khoom xa tawm thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 2010, pom nws cov feem poob qis rau 2.3 feem pua, thaum lub ntim ntawm cov khoom xa tawm tseem ruaj khov rau 12 xyoo. Tsuas yog cov kev zam yog tsis yog-EU European lub teb chaws thiab Africa, qhov uas tsis yog-EU Europe cov feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb xa tawm tau nce los ntawm 6.1% mus rau 6.8% nyob rau hauv 12-xyoo lub sij hawm vim 92% nce nyob rau hauv export ntim, thaum Africa lub exports loj hlob los ntawm 105% nyob rau lub sij hawm, boost nws feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no luam ntawm 1.7% mus rau 2%.
Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv me ntsis hauv qeb ntawm 10 tus neeg xa tawm sab saum toj hauv xyoo 2022, nrog Poland txav los ntawm 6 mus rau 5th thiab Iran txav los ntawm 10 mus rau 9th, sib pauv chaw nrog Thaib thiab Nyab Laj raws. Tuam Tshoj khaws cia qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws, xa tawm 1.92 lab tonnes (txo 2.6% los ntawm 2021), suav txog 78% ntawm Asian xa tawm thiab 52% ntawm kev xa tawm thoob ntiaj teb. Mexico, tus thib ob loj tshaj exporter, suav txog 8 feem pua ntawm kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb, pom nws cov khoom xa tuaj poob 10.2 feem pua rau 295,000 tons. Tom qab kev loj hlob muaj zog heev hauv 2021, Is Nrias teb kuj pom qhov poob qis, nrog kev xa tawm poob los ntawm 264,000 tonnes mus rau 251,000 tonnes (-4.9%) xyoo tas los. Qhov no tau ua raws li Qaib Cov Txwv nrog 187,000 tonnes (-8.3%), Poland nrog 91,000 tonnes (+0.2%), thiab tom qab ntawd Thaib, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Portugal, Iran thiab Nyab Laj. Zuag qhia tag nrho, saum 10 chav dej xa tawm suav nrog 84% ntawm kev xa tawm thoob ntiaj teb.
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev xa tawm los ntawm cov teb chaws hauv 2022 tsis tsuas yog lees paub tias Asia thiab North America yog ob thaj chaw uas suav rau feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv huv huv, tab sis kuj qhia tau tias lawv cov khoom siv yuav luag tiaj tus: 1.11 lab tonnes hauv Asia (30% ntawm cov khoom siv huv huv thoob ntiaj teb, nce 3.3% los ntawm 2021); North America suav txog 1.03 lab tonnes (27.9% ntawm kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb, 8.8% tsawg dua 2021). Cov European Union tseem koom nrog pawg thawj coj no, suav txog 21% ntawm kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb hauv 2022 txawm tias 8% poob rau 770,000 tonnes.
Qhov seem 21% ntawm kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb yog nyob hauv Africa, South America, tsis yog EU European lub teb chaws thiab Oceania.
Qhov qeb duas ntawm 10 lub teb chaws tuaj txawv teb chaws ntawm cov khoom siv tu cev hauv xyoo 2022 tau qhia qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub xyoo dhau los, nrog Ltalis tawm thiab Saudi Arabia nkag mus. Zuag qhia tag nrho, saum 10 tus neeg xa khoom huv huv suav nrog 50.6% (1.86 lab tons) ntawm thoob ntiaj teb cov khoom siv huv huv.
Xyoo 2022, Tebchaws Meskas yog ib zaug ntxiv rau lub ntiaj teb tus xa khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv huv huv, xa tawm 875,000 tons (qis 6% los ntawm 2021). Nws tswj hwm tus thawj coj muaj zog tshaj tag nrho lwm cov neeg xa khoom, suav txog 23.6 feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ntiaj teb thiab yuav luag tag nrho (85 feem pua) ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj hauv cheeb tsam NAFTA. Muab hais tias US imports nyob rau hauv 2010 ntau tshaj 500,000 tons, accounting rau 23% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no imports, qhov no yog ib tug continuation ntawm ib tug ntev lub sij hawm.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau nce mus rau qhov chaw thib ob nrog kev xa khoom ntawm ze li ntawm 150,000 tonnes (-3.7% piv rau 2021), hla South Kauslim nrog kev xa khoom ntawm 141,000 tonnes (-9.8%), tom qab los ntawm Fabkis (130,000 tonnes, -13.8%), United Kingdom (112,000 tonnes). -14.8%), Canada, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Nyab Laj thiab Philippines.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Nyab Laj yog nyob rau saum 10 exporters thiab sab saum toj 10 importers ntawm huv si khoom, importing ntau tshaj exporting.
Lub ntsiab lus kawg ntawm kev txaus siab yog kev tsom xam ntawm cov chaw xa tawm tseem ceeb raws li thaj chaw ntawm kev tsim khoom. Plaub ntawm xya thaj chaw muag feem ntau ntawm lawv cov khoom xa tawm hauv lawv thaj chaw thaj chaw lossis thaj av av: 97% ntawm North American xa tawm tseem muaj nyob hauv North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) cheeb tsam; 82% ntawm South American exports tseem mus rau Latin America; 80% ntawm Oceania cov khoom xa tawm tseem nyob hauv Oceania; 78% ntawm EU xa tawm mus rau EU ua lag luam.
Ntawm lwm yam, 85% ntawm cov khoom xa tawm los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe tsis yog EU mus rau lwm qhov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau EU (Turkey lub lag luam xa tawm loj tshaj plaws). Ib yam li ntawd, 82 feem pua ntawm Africa cov khoom xa tawm mus rau sab nraud Africa thiab 58 feem pua ntawm Asia cov khoom xa tawm mus rau sab av loj, ua tsaug rau Tuam Tshoj lub peev xwm xa khoom mus rau yuav luag txhua cheeb tsam thoob ntiaj teb.