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Ubushinwa bwabaye ibicuruzwa byinshi byohereza ibicuruzwa mu isuku
2024-04-16
Hagati ya 2010 na 2022, isi itumiza mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga by’ibikoresho by’isuku by’ubutaka byiyongereyeho 71.3% biva kuri toni miliyoni 2.16 bigera kuri toni miliyoni 3.7, ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri mwaka bwa 4,6%. Nyamara, icyerekezo cyiza cyakomeje mu gihe hafi ya cyose (usibye muri 2020 kubera icyorezo) cyongeye guhagarikwa mu 2022, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byagabanutseho 5.6% ugereranije na 2021. Iyi myumvire mibi yagaragaye mu bihugu hafi ya byose bitanga umusaruro w’ibihugu ndetse n’ibihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
Aziya ikomeje kohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu isuku ku isi, byongera umugabane w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigera kuri 66% nubwo byagabanutseho 3.5% bikagera kuri toni miliyoni 2.44 mu 2022.
Ibyoherezwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ku mwanya wa kabiri mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku isi, nabyo byagabanutseho 3,7 ku ijana bigera kuri toni 520.000. Ibicuruzwa bitatu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byonyine byagize kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi, ariko bikurikira inzira zitandukanye, Polonye na Porutugali bikomeza urwego 2021, mu gihe Ubudage bwohereza mu mahanga bwagabanutseho 4,6%. Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (NAFTA) yagabanutse cyane mu mibare ibiri yoherezwa mu mahanga, igabanuka kugera kuri toni 328.000 (yagabanutseho 13.5% kuva 2021), ahanini bitewe na Mexico yagabanutseho 10%. Ibihugu bitari eu by’Uburayi byagaragaye ko byagabanutse mu byoherezwa mu mahanga (-13.1% kugeza kuri toni 253.000), Turukiya ikamanuka 8.3% (toni 187.000). Kugabanuka kandi ni Amerika yepfo (toni 84.000, -15.4%) na Afrika (toni 73.000, -7%).
Urebye mu gihe cyimyaka 12 yose, hagaragara ishusho isobanutse yiterambere ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri buri karere, cyane cyane izamuka muri Aziya, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byikubye kabiri kuva kuri toni miliyoni 1.1 bikagera kuri toni miliyoni 2.4 (CAGR 2022/2010 + 6.9%). Umugabane wa Aziya ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga wavuye kuri 51% muri 2010 ugera kuri 66% muri iki gihe, urenga umugabane w’utundi turere hafi ya twose.
Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, ibyoherezwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi ntibyigeze bihinduka kuri toni 522.000 muri icyo gihe, kandi umugabane w’ubucuruzi bw’isi wagabanutse uva kuri 24.2% ugera kuri 14%. Mu gihe ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 22 ku ijana kuva mu 2010, umugabane wa NAFTA waragabanutse uva kuri 12.4 ku ijana ugera kuri 8.9 ku ijana. Amerika y'Epfo yari ifite 4,6 ku ijana by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu mwaka wa 2010, byagaragaye ko imigabane yayo yagabanutse kugera kuri 2,3 ku ijana, mu gihe ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byakomeje kuba byiza mu myaka 12. Ibidasanzwe byonyine ni ibihugu by’Uburayi bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Afurika, aho usanga Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga wavuye kuri 6.1% ugera kuri 6.8% mu gihe cy’imyaka 12 bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga 92%, mu gihe ibyoherezwa muri Afurika byiyongereyeho 105% muri icyo gihe, bituma umugabane w’ubucuruzi ku isi uva kuri 1.7% ugera kuri 2%.
Nta mpinduka nini zigeze ku rutonde rw’ibicuruzwa 10 byoherezwa mu mahanga mu 2022, aho Polonye yavuye ku mwanya wa 6 ikajya ku mwanya wa 5 naho Irani ikava ku mwanya wa 10 ikajya ku ya 9, ihinduranya hamwe na Tayilande na Vietnam. Ubushinwa bwagumanye umwanya wa mbere, bwohereza toni miliyoni 1.92 (zagabanutseho 2,6% kuva mu 2021), bingana na 78% byoherezwa muri Aziya na 52% byoherezwa mu mahanga. Mexico, igihugu cya kabiri mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, bingana na 8 ku ijana by'ibyoherezwa ku isi, byagaragaye ko ibicuruzwa byagabanutseho 10.2 ku ijana bikagera kuri toni 295.000. Nyuma y’iterambere rikomeye cyane mu 2021, Ubuhinde nabwo bwagabanutse, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byagabanutse biva kuri toni 264.000 bigera kuri toni 251.000 (-4.9%) umwaka ushize. Yakurikiwe na Turukiya ifite toni 187.000 (-8.3%), Polonye ifite toni 91.000 (+ 0.2%), hanyuma Tayilande, Ubudage, Porutugali, Irani na Vietnam. Muri rusange, ubwiherero 10 bwa mbere bwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bwagize 84% byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi.
Isesengura ry’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe ku mugabane wa 2022 ntabwo ryemeza gusa ko Aziya na Amerika ya Ruguru aribyo turere twombi tugize igice kinini cy’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ariko kandi byerekana ko ibyo batumiza mu mahanga hafi ya byose: toni miliyoni 1.11 muri Aziya (30% by’ibicuruzwa by’isuku ku isi byiyongereyeho 3,3% kuva 2021); Amerika y'Amajyaruguru yari ifite toni miliyoni 1.03 (27.9% by'ibitumizwa mu mahanga ku isi, 8.8% munsi ya 2021). Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nawo uri muri iri tsinda riyoboye, bingana na 21% by’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu 2022 nubwo byagabanutseho 8% bikagera kuri toni 770.000.
Ibisigaye 21% by’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ni muri Afurika, Amerika y'Epfo, ibihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Oceania.
Urutonde rw’ibihugu 10 bya mbere bitumiza mu mahanga ibikoresho by’isuku mu 2022 byagaragaje impinduka zimwe z’umwanya ugereranije n’umwaka ushize, Ubutaliyani bwasohotse na Arabiya Sawudite. Muri rusange, 10 ba mbere batumiza mu mahanga ibikoresho by’isuku bangana na 50.6% (toni miliyoni 1.86) z’ibicuruzwa by’isuku bitumizwa mu mahanga.
Mu 2022, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zongeye kwinjiza ibicuruzwa byinshi ku isi mu bikoresho by’isuku, bitumiza toni 875.000 (byagabanutseho 6% kuva mu 2021). Ikomeje kuyobora cyane ku bandi bose batumiza mu mahanga, bingana na 23,6 ku ijana by'ibitumizwa ku isi kandi hafi ya byose (85 ku ijana) biva mu mahanga mu karere ka NAFTA. Urebye ko muri Amerika ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mwaka wa 2010 byarengeje toni 500.000, bingana na 23% by’ibitumizwa ku isi, ibi bikaba bikomeje amateka maremare.
Ubudage bwazamutse ku mwanya wa kabiri n’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe hafi toni 150.000 (-3.7% ugereranije na 2021), birenga Koreya yepfo itumiza toni 141.000 (-9.8%), ikurikirwa n’Ubufaransa (toni 130.000, -13.8%), Ubwongereza (toni 112.000), na Amerika. -14.8%), Kanada, Espagne, Arabiya Sawudite, Vietnam na Philippines.
Ubudage na Vietnam biri mu bihugu 10 bya mbere byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ndetse n’ibintu 10 byambere bitumiza mu mahanga ibikoresho by’isuku, bitumiza mu mahanga kuruta ibyoherezwa mu mahanga.
Ingingo ya nyuma yinyungu ni isesengura ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bishingiye ku karere k’umusaruro. Bane mu turere turindwi tugurisha igice kinini cy’ibyoherezwa mu karere kabo cyangwa ku mugabane wabo: 97% by'ibyoherezwa muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru biracyibanda mu karere k'ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (NAFTA); 82% by'ibyoherezwa muri Amerika y'Epfo biracyajya muri Amerika y'Epfo; 80% by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya Oceania biguma muri Oceania; 78% by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Burayi bijya ku isoko ry’Uburayi.
Ku rundi ruhande, 85% byoherezwa mu bihugu bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bijya ahandi, cyane cyane mu bihugu by’Uburayi (Isoko rinini ryohereza ibicuruzwa muri Turukiya). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, 82 ku ijana by'ibyoherezwa muri Afurika bijya hanze ya Afurika naho 58 ku ijana by'ibyoherezwa muri Aziya bijya hanze y'umugabane, bitewe n'ubushinwa bushobora kohereza mu turere twose two ku isi.