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China yave mutengesi mukuru wezvigadzirwa zvehutsanana kunze kwenyika
2024-04-16
Pakati pa2010 na2022, kuyerera kwepasirese uye kutumira kunze kwenyika kweceramic sanitary ware kwakawedzera ne71.3% kubva pamatani 2.16 miriyoni kusvika 3.7 miriyoni matani, musanganiswa wepagore kukura kwe4.6%. Zvakadaro, maitiro akanaka akaenderera mberi kwenguva ingangoita nguva yese (kunze kwa2020 nekuda kwedenda) akavhiringwa zvakare muna 2022, nekutengesa kunze kwakaderera ne5.6% zvichienzaniswa ne2021. Iyi maitiro asina kunaka akaonekwa munenge munyika dzese dzinogadzira uye huru dzinotengesa kunze.
Asia inoramba iri musika mukuru wepasi rose wezvehutsanana, ichiwedzera mugove wayo wezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kusvika ku66% zvisinei nekuderera kwe3.5% kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana maviri nemazana mana ematani muna 2022. Uyu ndiwo mugumisiro wakasanganiswa wekuderera kwehupfumi munenge vatengesi vakuru vekuAsia (zvinonzi China, India, Thailand, neVietnam), kunze kweiyo chete yakanaka iri Iran.
Kutumirwa kubva kuEuropean Union, iyo yechipiri pakukura mutengesi kunze kwenyika, yakadererawo nezvikamu zvitatu nemazana manomwe muzana kusvika pamatani mazana mashanu nemakumi maviri ezviuru. Vatatu vanotengesa kunze kwenyika vega vakaverengera hafu yezvakatengeswa kunze kweEU, asi vakatevera nzira dzakasiyana, nePoland nePortugal vachichengeta mazinga e2021, ukuwo kunze kwenyika kuGermany kwakaderera ne4.6%. North America (NAFTA) yakaona yatonyanya kuderera-manhamba-mbiri kudzikira mukutengesa kunze, ichidzika kusvika 328,000 matani (pasi 13.5% kubva 2021), kunyanya nekuda kwekuderera kwegumi muzana muMexico. Nyika dzisiri dzeEuropean dzakaona chibvumirano chakafanana mukutengesa kunze (-13.1% kusvika 253,000 tonnes), neTurkey yakaderera ne8.3% (187,000 tonnes). Zvakare padzikira iSouth America (84,000 tonnes, -15.4%) neAfrica (73,000 tonnes, -7%).
Tichitarisa nguva yese yemakore gumi nemaviri, mufananidzo wakajeka unobuda wekusimudzira kunze kwenyika mudunhu rega rega, kunyanya kukura muAsia, uko kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwakapetwa kaviri kubva pamatani miriyoni 1.1 kusvika 2.4 miriyoni matani (CAGR 2022/2010 + 6.9%). Chikamu cheAsia chekutengesa kunze kwenyika chakakwira kubva pa51% muna 2010 kusvika pa66% nhasi, ichirova chikamu cheanenge mamwe matunhu ese.
Kusiyana neizvi, izvo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zveEU zvakaramba zvisina kushanduka pa522,000 tonnes panguva iyi, uye chikamu chayo chekutengeserana kwenyika chakadonha kubva pa24,2% kusvika pa14%. Kunyange zvazvo kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera 22 muzana kubva muna 2010, chikamu cheNAFTA chawa kubva pa12.4 muzana kusvika 8.9 muzana. South America, iyo yakaverengera 4.6 muzana yezvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 2010, yakaona chikamu chayo ichidzikira kusvika pa2.3 muzana, ukuwo huwandu hwekutengesa kunze hwakagadzikana kwemakore gumi nemaviri. Kunze kwaingove nyika dzisiri dzeEU dzeEuropean neAfrica, uko mugove wepasi rose weEU Europe wekutengesa kunze wakakwira kubva pa6.1% kuenda pa6,8% mukati memakore gumi nemaviri nekuda kwekuwedzera kwe92% kwehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika, ukuwo Africa inotengeswa kunze kwenyika yakawedzera ne105% panguva iyi, ichiwedzera chikamu chayo chekutengeserana pasi rose kubva pa1,7% kusvika pa2%.
Pakave neshanduko shoma pakurongeka kwevanotengesa kunze gumi muna 2022, Poland ichibva pachitanhatu ichienda pachishanu uye Iran ichibva pachigumi kuenda pachipfumbamwe, ichichinjana nzvimbo neThailand neVietnam zvakateerana. China yakachengeta nzvimbo yepamusoro, ichiendesa kunze 1.92 miriyoni matani (pasi 2.6% kubva 2021), inoverengera makumi manomwe nesere muzana eAsia kunze kwenyika uye 52% yepasirese. Mexico, yechipiri yakakura mutengesi kunze, inoverengera 8 muzana yezvekutumirwa kwepasi rose, yakaona kutumira kwayo kuchidonha 10.2 muzana kusvika 295,000 matani. Kutevera kukura kwakasimba muna 2021, India yakaonawo kudzikira, nekutengesa kunze kwakadzika kubva pa264,000 tonnes kusvika 251,000 tonnes (-4.9%) gore rapfuura. Izvi zvakateverwa neTurkey ne187,000 tonnes (-8.3%), Poland ine 91,000 tonnes (+ 0.2%), uye ipapo Thailand, Germany, Portugal, Iran neVietnam. Pakazere, vepamusoro gumi vatengesi vekugezera kunze vakaverengera 84% yepasirese inotengeswa kunze.
Ongororo yezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika nekondinendi muna 2022 haingobvumire kuti Asia neNorth America ndiwo matunhu maviri anoverengera huwandu hwezvinhu zvehutsanana zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, asi zvakare zvinoratidza kuti kunze kwenyika kunenge kwakapfava: 1.11 miriyoni matani muAsia (30% yepasi rose sanitary ware import, up 3.3% kubva 2021); North America yakaverengera 1.03 miriyoni matani (27.9% yezvekunze kwenyika, 8.8% pasi pe2021). European Union zvakare ndeyeboka iri rinotungamira, rinoverengera makumi maviri nerimwe muzana ezvekunze kwenyika muna 2022 kunyangwe kuderera kwe8% kusvika 770,000 tonnes.
Chikamu che21% chasara chezvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika zviri muAfrica, South America, nyika dzisiri dzeEU European neOceania.
Nzvimbo dzepamusoro gumi dzinopinza nyika dzehutsanana muna 2022 dzakaratidza shanduko yezvinzvimbo zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, Italy ichibuda uye Saudi Arabia ichipinda. Pakazere, vanhu gumi vepamusoro vanotenga zvinhu zvehutsanana kubva kunze kwenyika vakaita 50.6% (1.86 miriyoni matani) yezvinhu zvepasi rose zvehutsanana.
Muna 2022, United States yakave zvakare mutengesi mukuru wepasi rose wezvehutsanana, achiunza matani mazana masere nemakumi manomwe neshanu (pasi ne6% kubva 2021). Inochengetedza kutungamira kwakasimba pamusoro pevamwe vese vanotenga kunze kwenyika, vachiverengera 23.6 muzana yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye zvinenge zvese (85 muzana) zvezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika mudunhu reNAFTA. Tichifunga nezvekuti US inotengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 2010 yakapfuura 500,000 matani, inoverengera 23% yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, izvi zvinoratidza kuenderera kwerekodhi renguva refu.
Germany yakakwira kusvika pachinhanho chechipiri nekutengwa kunze kwenyika kunoda kusvika zana nemakumi mashanu ezviuru zvematani (-3.7% zvichienzaniswa ne2021), yakapfuura South Korea nekutengesa kunze kwe141,000 tonnes (-9.8%), ichiteverwa neFrance (130,000 tonnes, -13.8%), United Kingdom (112,000 tonnes), United States. -14.8%), Canada, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam nePhilippines.
Germany neVietnam ndevamwe vepamusoro gumi vanotengesa kunze uye vepamusoro gumi vanopinza zvinhu zvehutsanana, vachiunza kunze kupfuura kutumira kunze kwenyika.
Chinhu chekupedzisira chekufarira ndeye kuongororwa kwenzvimbo huru dzekutumira kunze zvichienderana nenzvimbo yenzvimbo yekugadzirwa. Zvine zvezvikamu zvinomwe zvinotengesa zvizhinji zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika mukati menharaunda yavo yenzvimbo kana kondinendi: 97% yeNorth America inotengeswa kunze ichiri kunyanya kuNorth America Free Trade Area (NAFTA) nzvimbo; 82% yeSouth America inotengeswa kunze kwenyika ichiri kuenda kuLatin America; 80% yeOceania inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inoramba iri muOceania; 78% yeEU inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inoenda kumusika weEU.
Nekumwe kunyanyisa, 85% yezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kusiri EU Europe inoenda kumwe, kunyanya kuEU (musika mukuru weTurkey kunze kwenyika). Saizvozvo, zvikamu makumi masere nezviviri kubva muzana zvezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muAfrica zvinoenda kunze kweAfrica uye zvikamu makumi mashanu nesere kubva muzana zveAsia zvinoenda kunze kwekondinendi, nekuda kwekugona kweChina kutumira ngarava kumatunhu ese epasi rose.