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China e fetohile morekisi e moholo oa thepa ea bohloeki kantle ho naha
2024-04-16
Pakeng tsa 2010 le 2022, phallo ea lefats'e ea ho kenya le ho romela kantle ho naha ea thepa ea bohloeki ea ceramic e eketsehile ka 71.3% ho tloha ho lithane tse limilione tse 2.16 ho isa ho lithane tse limilione tse 3.7, e leng sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa 4.6%. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa o motle o ileng oa tsoela pele hoo e ka bang nako eohle (ntle le 2020 ka lebaka la seoa sena) o ile oa sitisoa hape ka 2022, 'me thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling e ile ea theoha ka 5.6% ha e bapisoa le 2021. Mokhoa ona o mobe o 'nile oa hlokomeloa hoo e batlang e le linaheng tsohle tse hlahisang libaka le linaheng tse kholo tse romelang kantle ho naha.
Asia e ntse e le eona e rekisang thepa ea bohloeki e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, e eketsa karolo ea eona ea thepa ea lefats'e ho ea ho 66% leha e theohile ka 3.5% ho isa ho lithane tse limilione tse 2.44 ka 2022. Sena ke sephetho se kopaneng sa ho putlama ha moruo hoo e batlang e le barekisi bohle ba ka sehloohong ba Asia (e leng China, India, Thailand, le Vietnam), ntle le mokhelo o le mong feela oa Iran.
Thepa e tsoang European Union, e leng morekisi oa bobeli e moholo lefatšeng, le eona e theohile ka liperesente tse 3.7 ho isa ho lithane tse 520,000. Barekisi ba bararo ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba le bang ba ne ba ikarabella halofo ea thepa ea kantle ho naha ea EU, empa ba latela mekhoa e fapaneng, moo Poland le Portugal li bolokileng maemo a 2021, athe thepa ea Jeremane e theohile ka 4.6%. Amerika Leboea (NAFTA) e bone ho theoha ho matla le ho feta ha linomoro tse peli tsa thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha, ho theohela ho lithane tse 328,000 (tlase ka 13.5% ho tloha 2021), haholoholo ka lebaka la ho theoha ha 10% Mexico. Linaha tsa Europe tseo e seng tsa EU li bone khohlano e ts'oanang ho thomello (-13.1% ho lithane tse 253,000), 'me Turkey e theohile ka 8.3% (lithane tse 187,000). Hape tse ntseng li fokotseha ke Amerika Boroa (lithane tse 84,000, -15.4%) le Afrika (lithane tse 73,000, -7%).
Ha re sheba nako eohle ea lilemo tse 12, ho hlaha setšoantšo se hlakileng sa nts'etsopele ea thomello sebakeng se seng le se seng, haholo-holo kholo ea Asia, moo thepa e romelloang ho feta habeli ho tloha ho lithane tse limilione tse 1.1 ho isa ho lithane tse limilione tse 2.4 (CAGR 2022/2010 + 6.9%). Karolo ea Asia ea thepa e romelloang lefatšeng ka bophara e nyolohile ho tloha ho 51% ka 2010 ho ea ho 66% kajeno, e feta karolo ea hoo e batlang e le sebaka se seng le se seng.
Ho fapana le hoo, diyantle tsa EU di ile tsa dula di sa fetoha ho ditone tse 522,000 nakong eo, mme karolo ya yona ya kgwebo ya lefatshe e theohile ho tloha ho 24.2% ho ya ho 14%. Le hoja thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling ka kakaretso e eketsehile ka karolo ea 22 lekholong ho tloha ka 2010, kabelo ea NAFTA e theohile ho tloha ho 12,4 lekholong ho ea ho karolo ea 8,9 lekholong. Amerika Boroa, e neng e le karolo ea 4.6 lekholong ea lihlahisoa tsa lefats'e ka 2010, e bone karolo ea eona e theoha ho 2.3 lekholong, ha palo ea thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling e ntse e tsitsitse ka lilemo tse 12. Mekhelo feela e ne e le linaha tsa Europe le Afrika tseo e seng tsa EU, moo karolo ea linaha tseo e seng tsa EU Europe ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha e nyolohileng ho tloha ho 6.1% ho ea ho 6.8% nakong ea lilemo tse 12 ka lebaka la keketseho ea 92% ea litheko tsa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, ha thepa ea kantle ho naha ea Afrika e ile ea hola ka 105% nakong eo, e matlafatsa karolo ea eona ea khoebo ea lefats'e ho tloha ho 1.7% ho isa ho 2%.
Ho bile le phetoho e nyane maemong a barekisi ba kaholimo ho 10 ka 2022, ha Poland e tloha ho ea bo 6 ho ea ho ea bohlano mme Iran e tloha ho ea bo-10 ho ea ho ea bo-9, e fapanyetsana libaka le Thailand le Vietnam ka ho latellana. China e bolokile maemo a holimo, e romela kantle ho naha lithane tse limilione tse 1.92 (ho theoha ka 2.6% ho tloha ka 2021), e ikarabellang bakeng sa 78% ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha ea Asia le 52% ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha. Mexico, e leng morekisi oa bobeli o moholo ka ho fetisisa, e ikarabellang bakeng sa liperesente tse 8 tsa thomello ea lefats'e, e bone thomello ea eona e theoha ka liperesente tse 10.2 ho isa ho lithane tse 295,000. Kamora kholo e matla haholo ka 2021, India le eona e ile ea theoha, 'me thepa e romelloang kantle e theohile ho tloha ho lithane tse 264,000 ho isa ho lithane tse 251,000 (-4.9%) selemong se fetileng. Sena se ile sa lateloa ke Turkey ka lithane tse 187,000 (-8.3%), Poland ka lithane tse 91,000 (+ 0.2%), ebe Thailand, Jeremane, Portugal, Iran le Vietnam. Ka kakaretso, barekisi ba holimo ba 10 ba ho hlapa ba bakile 84% ea thepa e romelloang lefatšeng ka bophara.
Tlhahlobo ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ka k'honthinente ka 2022 ha e tiise feela hore Asia le Amerika Leboea ke libaka tse peli tse ikarabellang bakeng sa boholo ba thepa ea bohloeki e tsoang kantle ho naha, empa hape e bonts'a hore thepa ea bona e tsoang kantle e batla e bataletse: lithane tse limilione tse 1.11 Asia (30% ea thepa ea bohloeki lefatšeng ka bophara, e nyolohang ka 3.3% ho tloha 2021); Amerika Leboea e bile lithane tse limilione tse 1.03 (27.9% ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, 8.8% e ka tlase ho 2021). European Union le eona ke karolo ea sehlopha sena se etelletseng pele, se ikarabellang bakeng sa 21% ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ka 2022 leha e theohile ka 8% ho isa ho lithane tse 770,000.
21% e setseng ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e Afrika, Amerika Boroa, linaheng tseo e seng tsa EU le Oceania.
Boemo ba linaha tse 10 tse holimo ka ho fetesisa tsa thepa ea bohloeki ka 2022 bo bonts'itse liphetoho tse itseng ha li bapisoa le tsa selemo se fetileng, ha Italy e tsoa le Saudi Arabia e kena. Ka kakaretso, barekisi ba 10 ba kaholimo ba thepa ea bohloeki ba nkile karolo ea 50.6% (lithane tse limilione tse 1.86) ea thepa ea bohloeki lefatšeng ka bophara.
Ka 2022, United States e ile ea boela ea e-ba morekisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oa thepa ea bohloeki, e kenya lithane tse 875,000 (ho theoha ka 6% ho tloha 2021). E na le ketapele e matla ho feta bohle ba tsoang kantle ho naha, e ikarabellang bakeng sa liperesente tse 23.6 tsa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha le hoo e ka bang kaofela (liperesente tse 85) tsa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha sebakeng sa NAFTA. Ha ho nahanoa hore thepa ea kantle ho naha ea US ho 2010 e feta lithane tse 500,000, e leng karolo ea 23% ea lihlahisoa tsa lefats'e, sena se bontša tsoelo-pele ea tlaleho ea nako e telele.
Jeremane e nyolohetse sebakeng sa bobeli ka thepa e tsoang kantle ea lithane tse ka bang 150,000 (-3.7% ha e bapisoa le 2021), e feta Korea Boroa ka thepa e tsoang kantle ea lithane tse 141,000 (-9.8%), e lateloe ke Fora (lithane tse 130,000, -13.8%), United Kingdom (112,000), United States le United States. -14.8%), Canada, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam le Philippines.
Jeremane le Vietnam li har'a ba 10 ba kaholimo ho barekisi ba kantle le ba 10 ba kaholimo ho fetisisa ba rekang thepa ea bohloeki, ba reka kantle ho naha ho feta ho romella kantle ho naha.
Ntlha ea ho qetela e khahlang ke tlhahlobo ea libaka tse kholo tsa thomello ho ipapisitsoe le sebaka sa tlhahiso. Dibaka tse nne ho tse supileng di rekisa boholo ba diyantle tsa bona ka hara dibaka tsa bona tsa sebaka kapa kontinente: 97% ya diyantle tsa Amerika Leboya di ntse di tsepame sebakeng sa North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA); 82% ea li-export tsa Amerika Boroa li ntse li ea Latin America; 80% ea lihlahisoa tsa Oceania li ntse li le Oceania; 78% ea lihlahisoa tsa EU li ea 'marakeng oa EU.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, 85% ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha e tsoang Europe eo e seng ea EU e ea libakeng tse ling, haholo-holo ho EU (mmaraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa Turkey). Ka ho tšoanang, karolo ea 82 lekholong ea thepa ea Afrika e romeloa ka ntle ho Afrika 'me karolo ea 58 lekholong ea Asia e romeloa ka ntle ho k'honthinente, ka lebaka la bokhoni ba Chaena ba ho romela hoo e ka bang libakeng tsohle tsa lefatše.